Cryogenic Liquid Safety

8. First Aid (Argon, Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen).

  • If oxygen is being used, be aware of the additional fire hazard.
  • Small Skin Exposures
    • When the skin is contacted by small droplets of liquefied gasses, the rapid evaporation of the gas forms a blanket that tends to protect the skin from damage.
    • Small droplets can cause more damage if they are in contact with the skin in a confined area.
    • In most cases, exposure to small drops of cryogen require no treatment.
    • If blistering occurs contact a physician.
  • Large Skin Exposures.
    • When the skin is contacted by large volumes of liquefied gasses or cold gasses, severe frostbite can occur.
    • Immediately upon exposure, the frozen skin appears waxy and yellow and the burn usually is not painful.   Then, it painfully swells and blisters while the skin defrosts.
    • Do not attempt to remove rings or other jewelry.
    • Immediately warm frostbitten area with warm water not to exceed 105oF (41oC).
    • Be aware that for very large exposures, rewarming may result in shock, and should be carried out with medical supervision.
    • Do not remove clothing that is frozen to skin.
    • Do not rub frozen tissue or walk on frozen feet.
    • Get emergency medical assistance immediately.
  • Eye Exposure
    • When the eye is contacted by large volumes of liquefied gasses or cold gasses, severe frostbite can occur.
    • Flush the eyes with warm water not to exceed 105oF (41oC) for at least 15 minutes.
    • Do not rub eyes.
    • Get emergency medical assistance immediately.
  • If the victim is unconscious:
    • Be aware that the area may be anoxic (lacking oxygen).
      • Do not enter the area unless you are certain that the air is breathable.
      • The only ways to be certain that it is safe to enter is to use an oxygen monitor or get information from a witness to the incident.
      • If an oxygen monitor is not available or you have not been trained to use it, wait for emergency services to arrive.
      • An oxygen monitor is available in PRIME Lab, and is normally stored in room S-180 when not being used.
    • Immediately remove the victim to fresh air if it is safe to do so.
    • Access the victim, and if necessary start rescue breathing or CPR.
    • Get emergency medical assistance immediately.